Îles Solovki

Anzer

Situation :

Mer Blanche - Baie Onega

Russie

ensoleillement

Les îles Solovetsky ( Pomorsk.  Solovki , carélienne.  Solokka des Sami Suollek  - «îles») est un archipel de la mer Blanche à l'entrée de la baie d'Onega .

L'archipel comprend également plus de 100 petits îlots.

Les îles sont administrativement subordonnées au district municipal Primorsky de la région d'Arkhangelsk ( colonie rurale de Solovetsky ).

L'archipel de Solovetsky, ainsi que la zone d'eau de cinq kilomètres de la mer Blanche, sont inclus dans une zone spécialement protégée - l'institution fédérale d'État " Solovetsky State Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve ". Il y a une zone strictement protégée sur l'île Bolchoï Solovetsky [ clarifier ] . L'attraction principale et le centre spirituel des îles [ source non précisée 487 jours ] est le monastère stavropégique de Solovetsky .

• Île Solovetsky (Big Solovetsky) - 246 km²
• Île Anzersky , ou Anzer - 47 km²
• Grand Muksalma  - 17 km²
• Malaya Muksalma  - 0,57 km²
• Île Bolchoï Zayatsky  - 1,25 km²
• Île Maly Zayatsky  - 1,02 km²

Les îles Solovki connues également sous les noms de Solovetski ou Solovetsk, forment un archipel au nord-ouest de la Russie dans la mer Blanche. Situées dans la baie d'Onega, les îles sont administrées par l'oblast d'Arkhangelsk. Leur superficie totale est de 347 km2 pour une population de 968 habitants en 2002. L'archipel comprend six îles dont les plus grandes sont Solovetski, Anzerski, Bolchaïa Mouksalma et Malaïa Mouksalma. L'archipel est célèbre pour le monastère Solovetski du xve siècle et son ancien camp de travail soviétique, précurseur de l'organisation du Goulag.
En 1974, les îles sont devenues une réserve naturelle protégée : l'archipel, son patrimoine architectural comme son histoire qui en fait un lieu de mémoire privilégié de la Terreur stalinienne, sont l'un des premiers sites russes à être inscrit sur la liste du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO en 1992.

Solovki se révèle dans plusieurs dimensions

• L'archipel est un exemple de la nature unique du Nord.

• C'est un monument historique, un lieu important, dont les événements aident à comprendre l'histoire de la Russie . Au cours des six derniers siècles, Solovki, malgré son éloignement géographique, est devenue un lieu célèbre et important.

• Solovki est un important centre religieux chrétien, un lieu de pèlerinage pour les croyants.i

Bolshoy Solovetsky Island

Bolshoy Solovetsky Island or simply Solovetsky Island is the biggest island of the Solovetsky Islands archipelago in the White Sea. The island is home to Solovetsky Monastery, a medieval monastery and a fortress included in the World Heritage list.

The island is located in the southwest of the White Sea and it is separated from the main part of the land by Western Solovetsky Salma Strait from the west. Solovki is surrounded by many small islands and four large ones: Anzer Island, Bolshaya Muksalma Island, Bolshoy Zayatsky Island and Malyi Zayatsky Island. 

• Negotiation stone on the seashore
• The Chapel in honor of St. Philip
• Lake-channel systems
• The boulder pier on the Cape Seldyany
• The mass grave site of the Solovki Prison Camp times
• Chapel of Saints Constantine and Helena
• The boulder cellar for meat
• The obelisk in memory of the events of 1854
• Filippovskiye sadki
• Memorial stone on the Alexander Hill

Bolshaya Muksalma Island

Bolshaya Muksalma is one of the Solovetsky Islands. Bolshaya Muksalma is situated to the east of Bolshoy Solovetsky Island and is separated from it by two straits: Severnye Zheleznye Vorota and Yuzhnye Zheleznye Vorota (literally translated as Northern and Southern Iron Gates). The Yuzhnye Zheleznye Vorota Strait is crossed by a dam which was built by the monks of Solovetsky Monastery between 1865 and 1871 and now connects the two islands. 
There is archaeological evidence that the island was populated in the second millennium BC. In historical time, Bolshaya Muksalma was made the location of the farm serving Solovetsky Monastery, as keeping female animals in close proximity to the monastery was prohibited. In the 19th century there was a small and secluded monastery (Sergeyev skete) on the island, which ran the monastery farm. In the 1900s, two cell buildings were constructed: in 1900, the wooden St. Sergius cells, and in 1901-1905, a stone building which combined cells with some agricultural facilities. In 1920, the monastery was shut down, and the skete later served as a department of the Solovetsky Gulag camp where women prisoners were confined. In 1939, the prison camp was shut down. Currently, there is algae production run on the island.

• The foundation of the Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh
• Cattle yard
• Sergius wooden house
• The dam between Bolshaya and Malaya Muksalma Islands

Anzer Island

Anzer Island is the second largest island of the Solovetsky archipelago, it's located 5 kilometers north-east of the Bolshoy Solovetsky Island. In Vepsian the name of the island means "very elongated island." 
On the Anzer Island you can visit memorial crosses and Sketes, the history of which is closely connected with the royal personages and Patriarch Nikon. Besides, the nature of a sparsely populated northern island is also unlikely to leave you indifferent. 

• The temple in honor of the Crucifixion of Christ with a bell tower
• Memorial cross at the Kolguev Cape on the Anzer Island
• Barn with a glacier on the Anzer Island

Malaya Muksalma Island

Malaya Muksalma is the smallest of the six major islands of the Solovki archipelago. In 1828 the boulder dam was built, connecting it with the island of Bolshaya Muksalma. Construction of the dam gave a powerful impetus to the development of the fishing and trapping business on the island.

• The wooden barn
• The Nativity Chapel
• The dam between Bolshaya and Malaya Muksalma Islands

Bolshoy Zayatsky Island

Bolshoy Zayatsky Island is located near the Bolshoy Solovetsky Island, five kilometers away from the monastery. It's small. But here, in a small area, hundreds of preserved monuments of the past life still remain undisturbed, like nowhere else in our country. They belong to two cultures - the primitive society and medieval Christian society.

Zayatsky island is a preserved area. Part of the Neolithic structures is represented by labyrinths made from small boulders (4-25 m in diameter). They got their name for  complexity and quaintness. It's one of the mysteries of archeology. Surprisingly, such a labyrinth is inscribed on the stone slabs of the Gothic Chartres Cathedral in France.

Lots of wooden crosses were built on the Bolshoy Zayatsky Island in memory of people who died in the sea or the ones who managed to avoid a disaster by a 'miracle'. 

• Stone Chamber on the Bolshoy Zayatsky Island
• Boulder cellar on the Bolshoy Zayatsky Island
• Kitchen premises on the Bolshoy Zayatsky Island
• Harbor with the boulder pier

Malyi Zayatsky Island

Langues